Which Sentence Contains An Infinitive Verb

Which Sentence Contains an Infinitive Verb? A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding verbals, especially infinitives, is crucial for mastering English grammar. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into identifying sentences containing infinitive verbs, exploring their structure, function, and common pitfalls. We'll move beyond simple identification to understanding their role in crafting compelling and grammatically correct sentences.

What is an Infinitive Verb?

An infinitive verb is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by the word "to." Think of it as the most basic form of a verb, untouched by tense or person. Examples include: to run, to jump, to sing, to be, to have. Note that while "to" is typically associated with infinitives, it's not always present (more on this later).

It's important to distinguish between an infinitive and a verb phrase. A verb phrase includes the main verb and any helping verbs (auxiliary verbs) that modify it. For example, "had been running" is a verb phrase, while "to run" is simply an infinitive.

Identifying Infinitives in Sentences: A Step-by-Step Approach

Let's explore how to pinpoint sentences with infinitive verbs. The key is to recognize the "to" + base verb structure, understanding exceptions along the way.

1. The Classic "to" + Verb Structure

The most straightforward case is the presence of "to" followed directly by the base form of a verb. This clearly signifies an infinitive.

Examples:

• She wants to travel the world. ("to travel" is the infinitive)
• He decided to study harder. ("to study" is the infinitive)
• They are planning to visit their grandparents. ("to visit" is the infinitive)
• I need to finish this report before the deadline. ("to finish" is the infinitive)
• The dog loves to play fetch. ("to play" is the infinitive)

2. Infinitives Without "to": Bare Infinitives

While "to" usually precedes an infinitive, there are exceptions. These are called bare infinitives. They occur after certain verbs, primarily modal verbs (can, could, may, might, should, would, must, will, shall) and verbs of perception (see, hear, feel, watch, let).

Examples:

• She can swim very well. ("swim" is a bare infinitive)
• I heard him sing a beautiful song. ("sing" is a bare infinitive)
• Let them go. ("go" is a bare infinitive)
• We should leave now. ("leave" is a bare infinitive)
• You must try harder. ("try" is a bare infinitive)

3. Infinitives as Nouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs

Infinitives are versatile. They don't just act as verbs; they can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, adding depth and complexity to sentences. Recognizing these roles enhances your understanding of their function within a sentence.

• Infinitives as Nouns: They function as the subject or object of a verb.

  • To err is human. ("To err" is the subject of the verb "is")
  • He loves to paint. ("To paint" is the object of the verb "loves")

• Infinitives as Adjectives: They modify nouns or pronouns.

  • I have a lot of work to do. ("to do" modifies "work")
  • She's the person to ask. ("to ask" modifies "person")

• Infinitives as Adverbs: They modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

  • He worked hard to succeed. ("to succeed" modifies "worked")
  • I'm happy to help. ("to help" modifies "happy")

4. Infinitive Phrases

An infinitive phrase includes the infinitive and any modifiers or complements associated with it. This expands the meaning and complexity of the infinitive.

Examples:

• She wants to travel the world extensively. ("to travel the world extensively" is the infinitive phrase)
• He decided to study harder for the upcoming exams. ("to study harder for the upcoming exams" is the infinitive phrase)
• They are planning to visit their grandparents in Florida next month. ("to visit their grandparents in Florida next month" is the infinitive phrase)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Several common errors arise when dealing with infinitives. Understanding these helps refine your writing and ensure grammatical accuracy.

1. Split Infinitives

The debate around split infinitives ("to boldly go") is largely stylistic. While some style guides discourage splitting infinitives (placing words between "to" and the verb), modern usage frequently accepts it, especially when it enhances clarity or naturalness. Focus on clarity and readability rather than rigidly avoiding split infinitives.

2. Subject-Verb Agreement with Infinitive Phrases

When an infinitive phrase acts as the subject of a sentence, the verb agrees with the infinitive phrase's implied subject, not the infinitive itself.

Example:

• To play video games for hours is his favorite pastime. ("is" agrees with the implied subject "playing video games," not "to play")

3. Incorrect Use of Infinitives with Certain Verbs

Certain verbs require particular constructions with infinitives. For instance, verbs like "help" can take either a bare infinitive or an infinitive with "to," depending on context and style. Consult a dictionary or grammar guide for specific verb preferences.

Advanced Applications and Nuances

Let's explore more advanced aspects of infinitive usage to refine your understanding.

1. Infinitives in Compound Tenses

Infinitives can appear in compound tenses, contributing to the overall complexity of the verb phrase.

Example:

• He seems to have been sleeping. ("to have been sleeping" is the infinitive phrase within a compound tense)

2. Infinitives in Passive Voice

Infinitives can also participate in passive voice constructions.

Example:

• The book is expected to be finished soon. ("to be finished" is the passive infinitive)

3. Infinitives and Modal Verbs: A Deeper Dive

Modal verbs and infinitives work closely together. The combination dictates the nuance of possibility, necessity, or permission.

Practicing Identification: Exercises

Let's test your understanding through some practice sentences. Identify which sentences contain infinitive verbs, and specify the infinitive or infinitive phrase:

1. She wants to learn French.
2. He can run a marathon.
3. The goal is to succeed.
4. They decided to go to the beach.
5. I heard her sing beautifully.
6. To forgive is divine.
7. He seems to have forgotten his keys.
8. She is eager to please.
9. The book is difficult to read.
10. We should try to understand.

Answers: All sentences contain infinitive verbs (or bare infinitives). The infinitives/phrases are:

1. to learn French
2. run (bare infinitive)
3. to succeed
4. to go to the beach
5. sing (bare infinitive)
6. to forgive
7. to have forgotten his keys
8. to please
9. to read
10. to understand

Conclusion

Mastering the identification and usage of infinitive verbs significantly enhances your understanding and writing skills. By understanding their various forms, functions, and common pitfalls, you can craft clear, concise, and grammatically sound sentences. This guide serves as a comprehensive foundation for further exploration of this vital grammatical component. Remember to practice regularly to strengthen your understanding and skill. Happy writing!